鋁板生產(chǎn)廠家的金屬型鑄造又稱(chēng)硬模鑄造或永久型鑄造，是將熔煉好的鋁合金澆入金屬型中獲得鑄件的方法，鋁合金金屬型鑄造鋁板廠家大多采用金屬型芯，也可采用砂芯或殼芯等方法，與壓力鑄造相比，鋁合金金屬型使用壽命長(zhǎng)。
The metal mold casting of aluminum plate manufacturers, also known as hard mold casting or permanent mold casting, is a method of pouring melted aluminum alloy into the metal mold to obtain castings. Aluminum alloy metal mold casting aluminum plate manufacturers mostly use metal core, sand core or shell core. Compared with pressure casting, the service life of aluminum alloy metal mold is long.
一、鑄造優(yōu)點(diǎn)
1、 Casting advantages
1、金屬型冷卻速度較快，鑄件組織較致密，可進(jìn)行熱處理強(qiáng)化，力學(xué)性能比砂型鑄造高15%左右。

1. The cooling speed of metal mold is fast, the structure of the casting is dense, which can be strengthened by heat treatment, and the mechanical properties are about 15% higher than those of sand mold casting.
2、金屬型鑄造，鑄件質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定，表面粗糙度優(yōu)于砂型鑄造，廢品率低。
2. Metal mold casting has stable casting quality, better surface roughness than sand mold casting, and low scrap rate.
3、勞動(dòng)條件好，生產(chǎn)率高，工人易于掌握。
3. Good working conditions, high productivity and easy for workers to master.
二、鑄造缺點(diǎn)
2、 Casting defects
1、金屬型導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)大，充型能力差。
1. Metal mold has high thermal conductivity and poor mold filling ability.
2、金屬型本身無(wú)透氣性。必須采取相應(yīng)措施才能有效排氣。
2. The metal type itself has no air permeability. Corresponding measures must be taken to exhaust effectively.
3、金屬型無(wú)退讓性，易在凝固時(shí)產(chǎn)生裂紋和變形。
3. The metal mold has no concession and is easy to produce cracks and deformation during solidification.
鋁板的固溶處理：加熱使原組織中的脫溶相溶入固溶體的工藝。經(jīng)過(guò)固溶處理的5052鋁板，粥雖度較低、塑性較好。固溶處理的目的旨在獲得過(guò)飽和固溶體，為時(shí)效作組織準(zhǔn)備。時(shí)效處理也叫脫溶分解或稱(chēng)時(shí)效脫溶;固溶體自高溫急冷到固態(tài)溶解度曲線(xiàn)以下，由于冷卻速度快，沉淀產(chǎn)物來(lái)不及析出，形成了過(guò)飽和固溶體，然后，在較低的溫度下
Solid solution treatment of aluminum plate: the process of heating to dissolve the desolved phase in the original tissue into the solid solution. The 5052 aluminum plate treated by solid solution has low porridge degree and good plasticity. The purpose of solution treatment is to obtain supersaturated solid solution and prepare the structure for aging. Aging treatment is also called desolvation decomposition or aging desolvation; The solid solution is quenched from high temperature to below the solid solubility curve. Due to the fast cooling speed, the precipitated products have no time to precipitate, forming a supersaturated solid solution, and then at a lower temperature
這種不穩(wěn)定的過(guò)飽和固溶體隨著時(shí)間變化發(fā)生脫溶分觸隨時(shí)效溫度和固溶體合金成分的不同，時(shí)效脫溶過(guò)程中會(huì)析出各種彌散分布的亞穩(wěn)定沉淀相，這種亞穩(wěn)定沉淀相與母相共格或局部共格，使5052鋁板強(qiáng)化。
This unstable supersaturated solid solution desolves and contacts with time. With the difference of aging temperature and solid solution alloy composition, various dispersed metastable precipitates will be precipitated in the aging desolvation process. This metastable precipitate is coherent with the parent phase or local coherent, so as to strengthen 5052 aluminum plate.
時(shí)效脫溶是一種金屬的強(qiáng)化方法，所以也稱(chēng)時(shí)效強(qiáng)化或沉淀硬化?？煞譃樽匀粫r(shí)效和人工時(shí)效兩種：
Aging desolvation is a metal strengthening method, so it is also called aging strengthening or precipitation hardening. It can be divided into natural aging and artificial aging:
1、自然時(shí)效是將鑄件置于露天場(chǎng)地半年以上，便其緩緩地發(fā)生形，從而使殘余應(yīng)力消除或減少。
1. Natural aging is to place the casting in the open air for more than half a year, and then it will form slowly, so as to eliminate or reduce the residual stress.
2、人工時(shí)效是將鑄件加熱到550-650℃進(jìn)行去應(yīng)力退火，它比自然時(shí)效節(jié)省時(shí)間,殘余應(yīng)力去除較為徹底。
2. Artificial aging is to heat the casting to 550-650 ℃ for stress relief annealing. It saves time and removes residual stress more thoroughly than natural aging.
二、5052鋁板的固溶時(shí)效：固溶處理和時(shí)效處理相結(jié)合的工藝。5052鋁板經(jīng)固溶處理后在室溫或稍高于室溫放置過(guò)飽和固溶體發(fā)生脫溶分解，使其硬度、強(qiáng)度升高，從而達(dá)到強(qiáng)化的目的。
2、 5052 solid solution aging of aluminum plate: a combination of solid solution treatment and aging treatment. After solution treatment, the supersaturated solid solution of 5052 aluminum plate is placed at room temperature or slightly higher than room temperature to undergo desolvation and decomposition, so as to increase its hardness and strength, so as to achieve the purpose of strengthening.